Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Sue Golding Graduate Division of Medical Sciences
Bronx, New York
Overview
The Albert Einstein College of Medicine is a privately endowed, coeducational, and nondenominational constituent college of Yeshiva University. Since the enrollment of its first class in 1955, it has gained international stature as a center of research and teaching in the medical sciences. The Sue Golding Graduate Division was established in 1957 to provide advanced study and research training leading to the Ph.D. The student body is drawn from undergraduate schools throughout the United States and from many other countries. The formal Ph.D. program is supplemented by postdoctoral research training, so that graduate students have ample opportunity for interaction with biomedical scientists at all career levels.
Approximately 275 students are enrolled in the Sue Golding Graduate Division at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, in addition to 68 M.D./Ph.D. students in the Ph.D. phase and 735 students in the medical school. An active Graduate Student Council elects representatives to all school committees, plans community service and social events, and provides a cohesive student forum. Multitudes of student-run clubs provide additional social, cultural, and volunteer opportunities.
The Location and Community
The Albert Einstein College of Medicine is located in a pleasant residential community at the northeastern edge of the Bronx. There is easy access to Manhattan as well as to beaches and parks by public transportation or car. New York City offers unlimited opportunities for residents to pursue a wide range of scientific and cultural interests.
Programs of Study and Degree Requirements
The Sue Golding Graduate Division of Medical Sciences is an integrated graduate program comprising the Departments of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Biochemistry, Cell Biology, Developmental and Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Genetics, Molecular Pharmacology, Neuroscience, Pathology, and Physiology and Biophysics. In addition, the Medical Scientist Training Program offers a Ph.D. in clinical research in the Department of Medicine. Students have the opportunity to develop an individualized program of graduate study utilizing the total faculty and resources of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. There is no master’s degree program, although students receive an M.S. degree while completing Ph.D. course and qualifying exam requirements.
Students apply to the integrated program rather than to a specific department and may choose to carry out thesis research in any of the more than 150 laboratories that participate in the program. Research is pursued concurrently with course work. Students begin by undertaking a series of research rotations in order to choose a thesis adviser. Once a thesis laboratory is chosen, the student becomes a member of the appropriate academic department. By the end of two years of study, most students will have passed the qualifying examination and made significant progress on a thesis project. Students also take part in frequent informal and formal sessions, presenting their own work to obtain critical feedback and develop presentation skills. Invited speakers conduct research seminars continuously, and many journal clubs cover a variety of current research topics, offering students excellent opportunities to obtain current information about a broad range of subjects in the biomedical sciences.
Facilities & Resources
The Graduate Division of Medical Sciences occupies laboratories and offices in the Leo Forchheimer Medical Sciences Building, the Ullmann Research Center, the Chanin Institute for Cancer Research, the Rose F. Kennedy Center, the Rachel Golding Pavilion, the Belfer Educational Center for Health Sciences, and the Caroline and Joseph S. Gruss Magnetic Resonance Research Center. Laboratories are equipped with state-of-the-art instrumentation required for modern research in biological sciences. Specialized facilities of the College include a hybridoma facility; a mass spectrometer; oligonucleotide synthesis and DNA sequencing facilities; flow cytometry facilities; a transgenic mouse and stem cell facility; an image analysis facility; an analytical ultrastructure center; a cytogenetics facility; a genetic and physical mapping facility; a cDNA microarray facility; a proteomics facility; the new MMRC building, which provides access to unparalleled imagery of the interior of the human body and creates the most detailed images ever seen of the anatomy and physiology of living organisms; an animal institute; a bioinstrumentation center; and a library that contains an extensive collection of current periodicals.
Expenses and Aid
Academic costs are waived for all graduate students, as explained above. In addition, all graduate students receive an annual stipend.
Financial Aid:
The graduate program in basic medical sciences is supported by training grants, individual research grants, and institutional support. The stipend for students is currently $29,000 per year. In addition, tuition and fees, including health insurance, are provided, totaling approximately $51,611 per year.
Housing/Living Expenses:
The residence complex of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine provides unfurnished apartments located in three 27-story towers directly across the street from the medical school. The average monthly rental is $396 for a shared one-bedroom apartment. A cafeteria in the Mazer Building is open to all students.
How to Apply / Application
The prerequisite for admission is a bachelor’s degree or evidence of an equivalent education from a college or university of recognized standing. Undergraduate preparation should include course work in chemistry, organic chemistry, calculus, physics, and biology. The GRE General Test is required. International students whose native language is not English must also submit their scores on the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL).
The admission decision is made after careful consideration of transcripts, GRE scores, letters of recommendation, interviews, and specific research goals.
Applications should be completed by January 15 to guarantee consideration for September enrollment.
Who to Contact
Director
Sue Golding Graduate Division of Medical Sciences
Jack and Pearl Resnick Campus
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
1300 Morris Park Avenue
Bronx, New York 10461-1602
718-430-2345
The Graduate Departments, Faculty and Research
Anatomy and Structural Biology
• J. S. Condeelis, Ph.D., Co-Chairman: molecular basis of chemotaxis and invasion. R. H. Singer, Ph.D., Co-Chairman: cellular molecular biology; spatial organization of specific nucleic acid sequences. D. Cox, Ph.D.: macrophage phagocytosis and motility. A. M. Cuervo, M.D./Ph.D.: lysosomes and aging. D. Frenz, Ph.D.: development of inner ear. R. E. Hirsch, Ph.D.: structural biology of hemoglobins. U. T. Meier, Ph.D.: nucleocytoplasmic transport. B. Ovryn, Ph.D.: biophotonics applied to elucidating the cellular basis of human disease. B. H. Satir, Ph.D.: signal transduction events in secretion and membrane fusion. P. Satir, Ph.D., Distinguished University Professor: cell biology of microtubule-based motility. J. Segall, Ph.D.: molecular and genetic analysis of amoeboid chemotaxis. E. Snapp, Ph.D.: organization and dynamics of endoplasmic reticulum proteins and membranes. A. W. Wolkoff, M.D.: receptor-mediated endocytosis in hepatocytes. M. Symons, Ph.D.: signal transduction through Rho family proteins.
Biochemistry
• V. L. Schramm, Ph.D., Chairman: enzymes; transition states and inhibitors. E. Abel-Santos, Ph.D.: hydroput screening for antibiotics. S. Almo, Ph.D.: X-ray crystallography. R. Angeletti, Ph.D.: functional proteomics; mass spectrometry. J. Blanchard, Ph.D.: mechanisms of enzymes. M. Brenowitz, Ph.D.: protein-nucleic acid interactions. A. R. Bresnick, Ph.D.: regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. R. Briehl, M.D.: biophysical chemistry of proteins. R. Callender, Ph.D.: enzymes; protein folding; spectroscopy. M. Charron, Ph.D.: glucose transporters and glucagon receptors. D. Cohen, M.D., Ph.D.: cholesterol; phospholipids; lipid transfer proteins. S. Englard, Ph.D.: metabolic regulation. A. Fiser, Ph.D.: bioinformatics and computational biology; structural genomics; proteomics. M. Girvin, Ph.D.: membrane protein NMR. V. B. Hatcher, Ph.D.: bacterial-endothelial cell interactions. D. Lawrence, Ph.D.: bioorganic chemistry. T. Leyh, Ph.D.: enzymology of sulfate activation. I. Listowsky, Ph.D.: protein-ligand interactions. M. Makman, M.D., Ph.D.: neurotransmitter and hormone action. S. Roderick, Ph.D.: X-ray crystallography. S. Schwartz, Ph.D.: biophysical systems; quantum and statistical mechanics. H. Steinman, Ph.D.: bacterial pathogenesis and physiology. I. Willis, Ph.D.: eukaryotic gene transcription.
Cell Biology
• A. I. Skoultchi, Ph.D., Chairman: gene expression; chromatin structure; terminal differentiation; cancer biology; chromatin; differentiation and development; knock-out mice. B. K. Birshtein, Ph.D.: immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and expression. E. Bouhassira, Ph.D.: human embryonic stem cells, epigenetics, gene expression, and silencing. W. Edelmann, Ph.D.: mouse models to study the role of DNA mismatch repair genes in DNA repair, cancer, and meiosis. D. Fyodorov, Ph.D.: chromosome assembly and dynamics; biochemistry of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factors; Drosophila melanogaster. M. Kielian, Ph.D.: virus-membrane fusion; virus assembly; novel antiviral therapies; membrane protein structure and function. R. N. Kitsis, M.D.: fundamental mechanisms of apoptosis and their application to heart disease and cancer. S. G. Nathenson, M.D.: structural and molecular basis for the regulation of T cells through costimulatory molecules. C. Query, M.D., Ph.D.: mechanism and modulation of spliceosome function. M. D. Scharff, M.D.: mutation and switching of immunoglobulin genes and use of monoclonal antibodies in infections. P. Scherer, Ph.D.: role of the adipocyte in energy homeostasis and inflammation. C. L. Schildkraut, Ph.D.: replication of viral DNA, oncogenes, and immunoglobulin genes; role of nuclear localization in gene expression. D. A. Shafritz, M.D.: liver-specific gene expression; hepatic stem cells; liver cell transplantation and gene therapy. P. Stanley, Ph.D.: functions of mammalian glycans in development, cancer, and notch signal transduction. J. R. Warner, Ph.D.: regulation of the biosynthesis and assembly of a molecular machine, the ribosome. H. Ye, Ph.D.: oncogenes in normal and malignant hematopoiesis.
Developmental and Molecular Biology
• E. R. Stanley, Ph.D., Chairman: growth factors and signaling in development and disease. R. H. Angeletti, Ph.D.: proteomics of liver cancer and infectious disease; mass spectrometry. Y. Chen, Ph.D.: morphogen signaling in vertebrate development. T. Evans, Ph.D.: molecular regulation of embryonic blood and heart development. T. Graf, Ph.D.: transcription factor regulation of hematopoietic stem cell. R. Kuliawat, Ph.D.: protein targeting to secretory granules and melanosomes. U. Maitra, Ph.D.: translation initiation and ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotic cells. A. Melnick, M.D.: cancer epigenomics: the mechanism of action of transcriptional oncoproteins and transcription therapy. T. Michaeli, Ph.D.: signal transduction pathways regulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, and physiology. H. Nguyen, Ph.D.: genetic pathways regulating muscle development in Drosophila and vertebrates. J. W. Pollard, Ph.D.: growth factor and steroid hormone regulation of mammalian development; macrophages and breast cancer. R. Ruggieri, Ph.D.: stress-activated protein kinases in DNA damage response, cell motility, and differentiation. D. Shields, Ph.D.: protein sorting in the secretory pathway. N. Sibinga, M.D.: molecular mechanisms underlying vascular obstructive disease. D. Wilson, Ph.D.: herpes simplex virus envelope assembly; protein trafficking and membrane biology. L. Zhu, M.D., Ph.D.: the retinoblastoma protein family of growth suppressors and cell-cycle control.
Microbiology and Immunology
• M. S. Horwitz, M.D., Chairman: adenovirus immunoregulatory proteins and molecular pathogenesis. K. Auborn, Ph.D.: chemoprevention of lupus, papillomavirus infections, and hormone-enhanced cancers. J. Brojatsch, Ph.D.: mechanism and regulation of anthrax-toxin-mediated cell killing. R. D. Burk, M.D.: pathogenesis of human papillomavirus/cervix cancer and human tumor-suppressor gene functions. A. Casadevall, M.D., Ph.D.: molecular genetics and immune responses to C. neoformans. J. Chan, M.D.: host defense and pathogenesis in tuberculosis. E. Dadachova, Ph.D.: radioimmunotherapy and targeted radiation therapy of cancer and infectious diseases. L. D’Adamio, M.D., Ph.D.: regulation of programmed cell death by presenilins and amyloid precursor protein. T. DiLorenzo, Ph.D.: beta-cell antigens in type 1 diabetes. T. Dragic, Ph.D.: mechanisms of viral entry, using the human immunodeficiency virus and the hepatitis C virus as models. M. Feldmesser, M.D.: pathogenesis and host response to Aspergillus fumigatus. D. Fidock, Ph.D.: Plasmodium falciparum malaria: mechanisms of drug resistance and pathogenesis, drug discovery. H. Goldstein, M.D.: mouse models of the human immune system to study gene therapy and HIV infection. J. A. Hardin, M.D.: regulatory mechanisms for immune responses to chromatin antigens in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. W. R. Jacobs Jr., Ph.D., Howard Hughes Medical Institute: molecular genetics of pathogenic mycobacteria. K. Kim, M.D.: pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii infection; malaria chemotherapy. S. G. Nathenson, M.D.: structural basis for antigen presentation to T-cell receptors. E. Peeva, M.D.: breakdown of tolerance; immunomodulatory effects of sex hormones; SLE. L. Pirofski, M.D.: human immunity to encapsulated organisms. S. A. Porcelli, M.D.: mechanisms of antigen processing and presentation. V. R. Prasad, Ph.D.: mechanisms of drug resistance in HIV; structure-function studies of HIV-1 RT and human telomerase. C. Putterman, M.D.: tolerance and autoimmunity; anti-DNA antibodies; systemic lupus erythematosus. C. Rogler, Ph.D.: hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B viruses. B. Steinberg, Ph.D.: interactions between human papillomaviruses and their target epithelial cells, with major focus on laryngeal papillomas and altered signal transduction. K. Tracey, M.D.: pathogenic basis of systemic inflammation; identification of therapeutic molecular targets and pathways.
Molecular Genetics
• J. Lenz, Ph.D., Interim Chair: molecular genetics of viral oncogenesis. N. Baker, Ph.D.: development and growth of Drosophila. N. Barzilai, M.D.: searching for longevity genes in humans. G. Childs, Ph.D.: functional genomics of murine development. A. Cvekl, Ph.D.: transcriptional regulation in mammalian ocular development and disease. S. Emmons, Ph.D.: genetic control of development and behavior in Caenorhabditis. J. Greally, M.D., Ph.D.: epigenetic regulation of the mammalian genome. G. V. Kalpana, Ph.D.: role of chromatin remodeling proteins in HIV-1 replication and cancer: development of therapeutic interventions. S. Mani, M.D.: molecular basis for the variation in antitumor drug response. B. Morrow, Ph.D.: human developmental disorders. H. M. Nitowsky, M.D.: human biochemical and molecular genetics. L. Ozelius, Ph.D.: genetics of movement disorders. G. Prelich, Ph.D.: transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. J. Roy-Chowdhury, M.B.B.S., M.R.C.P.: liver-directed gene therapy and hepatocyte transplantation. N. Roy-Chowdhury, Ph.D.: molecular mechanisms of inherited disorders of bilirubin glucuronidation. N. Schreiber-Agus, Ph.D.: transcriptional regulation and cancer pathogenesis. T. Weber, M.D.: hereditary predisposition to colorectal cancer.
Molecular Pharmacology
• S. B. Horwitz, Ph.D., Co-Chair: mechanisms of action and resistance to the microtubule stabilizing agents, Taxol, the epothilones, and discodermolide. C. S. Rubin, Ph.D., Co-Chair: cyclic AMP and protein phosphorylation in signal transduction. J. M. Backer, M.D.: signal transduction by phosphoinositide 3'-kinases. C. F. Brewer, Ph.D.: protein-carbohydrate interactions in signal transduction. N. Carrasco, M.D.: molecular characterization and clinical applications of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and other transporters. C.-W. Chow: Ph.D.: signal transduction and gene regulation by transcription factor NFAT. L. D. Fricker, Ph.D.: neuropeptides and neuropeptide processing enzymes. I. D. Goldman, M.D.: cloning and characterization of membrane transporters; mechanisms of action, resistance, and transport of new-generation antifolates. R. Gorlick, M.D.: mechanisms of drug resistance in leukemia and osteosarcoma. G. S. Kroog, M.D.: bombesin receptor signal transduction. M. P. Lisanti, M.D., Ph.D.: role of caveolae organelles and caveolin proteins in signaling, oncogenic transformation, and muscular dystrophy. T. V. McDonald, M.D.: ion channel regulation in disease. G. A. Orr, Ph.D.: proteomics of the cytoskeleton and associated signaling scaffolds. L. Rossetti, M.D.: biochemical and molecular mechanisms of nutrient sensing. C. A. Stein, M.D., Ph.D.: mechanisms of action of antisense oligonucleotides.
Neuroscience
• D. S. Faber, Ph.D., University Chair: synaptic transmission and neural plasticity. C. Abrams, M.D., Ph.D.: mechanisms of connexin diseases, peripheral nerve diseases. M. H. Akabas, M.D., Ph.D.: ion channel structure-function. J. C. Arezzo, Ph.D., physiologic models of neurotoxic and neurogenetic diseases. T. Bargiello, Ph.D.: molecular neurogenetics. M. V. L. Bennett, D.Phil.: excitatory amino acid receptors, gap junctions. L. Brown, Ph.D.: basal ganglia. F. Bukauskas, Ph.D.: biophysics of gap junctions. R. Carroll, Ph.D.: synaptic plasticity; glutamate receptor regulation. P. Castillo, Ph.D.: synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain. P. Davies, Ph.D.: neurobiology of Alzheimer’s disease. K. Dobrenis, Ph.D.: treatment of diseases affecting the CNS; microglial cell biology. A. M. Etgen, Ph.D.: hormone-neurotransmitter interactions; reproductive neuroendocrinology. L. Fricker, Ph.D.: neuropeptides and neuropeptide-processing enzymes. A. Galanopoulou, M.D., Ph.D.: molecular aspect on neonatal seizures. G. Haddad, M.D.: Neuronal susceptibility to hypoxic injury, vertebrate and invertebrate. D. H. Hall, Ph.D.: C. elegans ultrastructure and synapse formation. J. Hebert, Ph.D.: genetics of forebrain development. E. L. Hertzberg, Ph.D.: gap-junction communication. N. Hiroi, Ph.D.: genetic basis of addiction and motor disorders. Z. Kaprielian, Ph.D.: pattern formation and axon guidance in developing spinal cord and brain. K. Khodakhah, Ph.D.: calcium regulation of excitability. J. Larocca, Ph.D.: regulation of myelin biogenesis. M. Mehler, M.D.: CNS development. S. Moshe, M.D.: developmental epilepsy. S. Nawy, Ph.D.: synaptic transmission and modulation; retinal function. A. Peinado, Ph.D.: development of cerebral cortex. A. Pereda, M.D., Ph.D.: synaptic plasticity; electrical synapses. D. Pettit, Ph.D.: synaptic imaging and physiology. C. S. Raine, Ph.D., D.Sc.: CNS; autoimmunity; multiple sclerosis; demyelination; neuroimmunology. D. M. Rosenbaum, M.D.: molecular mechanisms of ischemic neuronal injury neuroprotection. C. Schroeder, Ph.D.: cognitive neuroscience; attention-multisensory integration. D. Spray, Ph.D.: gap junctions; single channels. M. Steinschneider, M.D., Ph.D.: auditory cortex, speech music. E. Sussman, Ph.D.: auditory perception. I. Vathy, Ph.D.: prenatal drug exposure, CNS development. L. Velisek, M.D.: Ph.D.: prenatal brain damage, brain metabolism, and seizures. J. Veliskova, M.D., Ph.D.: epilepsy and cell death; hormones in epilepsy. V. K. Verselis, Ph.D.: ion channel structure-function. S. U. Walkley, Ph.D.: cellular neurobiology and experimental neuropathology. R. S. Zukin, Ph.D.: excitatory amino acid receptors.
Pathology
• M. Prystowsky, M.D., Ph.D., Chairman: cytokine regulation of inflammation. T. Belbin, Ph.D.: molecular tumor classification; epigenomic status of human malignancies. A. Bergman, Ph.D.: evolutionary systems biology; gene networks. J. Berman, Ph.D.: endothelial cell molecular biology; atherosclerosis; neuroimmunology. C. Brosnan, Ph.D.: inflammation in the central nervous system. B. Cannella, Ph.D.: inflammation of the central nervous system. L. Cannizzaro, Ph.D.: mapping of cancer gene loci. P. Davies, Ph.D.: neurobiology of dementia. S. Factor, M.D.: cardiovascular pathology. R. Hazan, Ph.D.: breast cancer; metastasis; cell adhesion molecules; growth factor receptors. Z. Kaprielian, Ph.D.: developmental neuroscience; axon guidance. S. Lee, M.D.: neuroimmunology; AIDS; neuropathology. J. Locker, M.D., Ph.D.: transcription factors; developmental gene regulation. F. Macian, M.D., Ph.D.: molecular basis of immune tolerance. P. Novikoff, Ph.D.: liver carcinogenesis; receptor-mediated endocytosis. A. Orlofsky, Ph.D.: host defense; innate immunity. C. Raine, Ph.D.: neuroimmunology; multiple sclerosis; CNS autoimmunity. M. Sadofsky, M.D., Ph.D.: mechanism and regulation of V(D)J recombination. L. Santambrogio, M.D., Ph.D.: immunobiology of dendritic cells and microglial cells. B. Shafit-Zagardo, Ph.D.: molecular neurobiology; developmental neurobiology. H. B. Tanowitz, M.D.: Chagas’ disease; cardiomyopathy. B. Terman, Ph.D.: tumor angiogenesis; growth factors; signal transduction. K. Weidenheim, M.D.: neuropathology; neuropathology of autism. L. Weiss, M.D., M.P.H.: Toxoplasma gondii; microsporidiosis. M. Wittner, M.D., Ph.D.: Chagas’ disease and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy; microsporidiosis.
Physiology
• D. L. Rousseau, Ph.D., Chairman: elucidation of the molecular basis of heme protein function by resonance Raman spectroscopy; molecular mechanisms of nitric oxide synthase and terminal oxidase; time-resolved studies of protein folding. S. A. Acharya, Ph.D.: semisynthesis of proteins through reverse proteolysis; hemoglobin chemistry, structure, and function; biophysical chemistry of polymerization of sickle-cell hemoglobin; blood substitutes. P. Aisen, M.D.: biochemistry of iron metabolism; spectroscopy of iron-bearing proteins; mechanisms of iron binding and release; interactions of iron-bearing proteins with their specific cell-membrane receptors. M. H. Akabas, M.D./Ph.D.: ion channels in synaptic transmission; structure-function studies of the GABA-A receptor ion channels; mechanisms of general anesthetic action. R. W. Briehl, M.D.: biophysical chemistry of proteins; physical chemistry and structure in the polymerization and gelation of sickle-cell hemoglobin. A. Finkelstein, Ph.D.: mechanisms of transport across cell membranes; voltage-dependent channels in lipid bilayer membranes; reconstitution of biological transport systems in these membranes; protein translocation associated with channel gating. J. M. Friedman, M.D./Ph.D.: time-resolved laser spectroscopy of proteins; comparative biophysics of hemoglobin; conformational dynamics, disorder, and reactivity in hemoglobins; blood substitutes; Ca binding proteins; encapsulation of proteins in sol-gels. G. J. Gerfen, Ph.D.: structural determination of paramagnetic intermediates in enzymatic catalysis; adenosylcobalamin-dependent enzymes; advanced EPR techniques, including pulsed and high-frequency EPR. R. K. Gupta, Ph.D.: NMR studies of intracellular metal ions and oxidative stress. H. Hetherington, Ph.D.: in vivo NMR studies of the metabolic mechanisms underlying epilepsy. L. A. Jelicks, Ph.D.: magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of small-animal models of cardiac disease. R. L. Nagel, M.D.: hemoglobin hemoglobinopathies; gene therapy for sickle cell anemia; physiology of transgenic mice with hemoglobinopathies; physiology, genetic defects, and parasitosis of red cells. J. Peisach, Ph.D.: paramagnetic metalloproteins, including those containing Cu, Fe, Co, and Mn: elucidation of the metal-binding site structures in these molecules from hyperfine interactions obtained by electron spin echo methods. V. Schuster, M.D.: molecular mechanisms and regulation of epithelial anion transport; prostaglandin metabolism. S. D. Schwartz, Ph.D.: theoretical studies of biophysical systems; quantum mechanics; statistical mechanics; enzyme mechanism. D. J. Sharp, Ph.D.: molecular mechanisms of mitosis; roles of microtubule-based motor proteins in chromosome movement and segregation; design and characterization of antitumor agents. S. Slatin, Ph.D.: molecular mechanisms of voltage-dependent channels in lipid bilayer membranes. H. J. Sosa, Ph.D.: structure of motor proteins; kinesin; cryo-electron microscopy; light microscopy; fluorescence spectroscopy. J. Tardiff, M.D./Ph.D.: molecular physiology of thin filament-related cardiomyopathies; functional effects of cardiac troponin T mutations. S.-R. Yeh, Ph.D.: protein function and dynamics; protein folding; fast kinetics with continuous-flow and stopped-flow techniques; laser spectroscopy.